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Foad Mostafa Soltani
Foad Mostafa Soltani, or Kak Foad (in Kurdish:فواد مستەفاسوڵتانی، کاک فواد) was one of the founders of the Revolutionary Organisation of the Toilers of Kurdistan, popularly known as Komala. He is popularly known as “kak Foad”—meaning “brother” Foad. He epitomized Komala’s tenets and practice, so much so that he eventually became the organisation’s most prominent figure. In eastern Kurdistan, kak Foad’s name is synonymous with popular revolution. A song dedicated to him in Kurdish describes kak Foad as ‘the seed of revolution everywhere’.
== Founding of Komala ==
Kak Foad was born in 1948 in Almana, a village around Sarvabad, in eastern Kurdistan. He graduated from High school in Sanandaj—eastern Kurdistan’s capital city—and went on to study Electrical Engineering in Aryamehr University in Tehran. At university, he met many political activists and was influenced by their leftist ideas and thinking. In these years, kak Foad spent a large part of his time studying classical Marxist books and discussing these ideas in secret meetings held clandestinely to evade the scrutiny of the dreaded state security apparatus. The ideas discussed in these meetings by kak Foad and a number of Kurdish university students eventually led to the formation of a clandestine group organised around Marxist and socialist principles and thinking that later came to be known as Komala.
After completing his national service, kak Foad was appointed as technical supervisor in Sanadaj’s Institute and High School. After only one month, SAVAK—the Shah’s secret police—arrested kak Foad, jailed him in a prison in the capital, and tortured him in an effort to extract information about Komala’s activities. However torture could not break his determination to safeguard the nascent organisation’s secrets. He went on hunger strike in protest to this treatment. The authorities then transferred him from the ward for political prisoners to the ward housing the general prison population, including those convicted of rape and murder, in an attempt to break his spirit.
Meanwhile, outside of the prison, Iran’s internal politics were undergoing major shifts. United States president Jimmy Carter—formerly an ally of Iran’s Shah—was quickly losing confidence in Iran’s leader as growing evidence of human rights violations and mismanagement of Iran’s economy mounted. The external criticism helped weaken the regime against its opponents and hastened the onset of political revolution. It also eased political oppression in Iran to an extent that Iran’s leadership allowed representatives of the Red Cross to come in the country and inspect Iran’s prisons. A year before his release from prison, amidst the ongoing events of revolution in Iran, kak Foad was transferred to Sanandaj prison upon his request. Kak Foad’s time in prison became a proud period in his political life. In Sanandaj he led a hunger strike by political prisoners for twenty four days that was a seminal event in Kurdistan during the revolution.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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